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The process isn\u2019t super efficient (we expect 50-60% overall efficiency at maturity), but it turns out that doesn\u2019t matter as long as the electricity is zero carbon and low cost. If the cost of our equipment is also low,  then we believe we can not only make zero carbon fuel, but actually compete on price with fossil fuel.<p>We\u2019re not the first to make fuel from the <em>air</em> - in fact Google, Audi, Carbon Engineering, Global Thermostat, Climeworks, and labs at universities and national labs have all done it before us. What no one has been able to do so far is do it at a low enough cost to compete with fossil fuel.<p>The thing that\u2019s new about what we\u2019re doing is that we have gotten rid of all the thermal processes normally used, and instead use a process that uses only electricity (no natural gas, etc) and does it at room temperature. This is a big deal for both capital cost and for being truly carbon zero. We can use inexpensive materials, which keeps our cost low, and can start up and shut down quickly, which allows us to run intermittently, matching the intermittent nature of many renewable energy sources. We can also only run when the power is at the price we want.<p>Digging in to some more details, we absorb CO2 and water vapor from the <em>air</em> into an aqueous electrolyte. We then react the CO2 in the water with a copper catalyst to directly make alcohols like ethanol, butanol, propanol, etc. Both of these things have been done by many others and the science is known. Normally at this point one would have to use a thermal process (distillation) to get the fuel out of the water, and this is expensive and makes the economics really hard to get right. We don\u2019t have to do this step thermally though, because we have a carbon nanotube membrane that replaces it, extracting the alcohols from water in a single step at room temperature. This makes a huge difference in cost. The last step is that we up-convert the alcohols to gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. This last step is also well known and we can actually buy this step from others.<p>The carbon nanotube membrane that makes this all work is the product of 6 years at my previous startup, Mattershift. I was developing it for desalination and water purification. About 3 years ago I realized it could do this job, but it wasn\u2019t clear that a startup could raise money for such an ambitious effort, especially one linked to a political issue (unfortunately) like climate change. When I saw the YC request for startups in carbon removal, I knew that the timing was right, and I founded Prometheus to do it.<p>Please let me know if you have more questions or feedback. I\u2019ll do my best to answer any questions, but please excuse if I\u2019m not able to go too far into details like our piping and instrumentation design, or other really specific things we wouldn\u2019t want to help competitors with.<p>Thanks!"},"title":{"fullyHighlighted":false,"matchLevel":"full","matchedWords":["air"],"value":"Launch HN: Prometheus (YC W19) \u2013 Remove CO2 from <em>Air</em> and Turn It into Gasoline"}},"_tags":["story","author_rmcginnis","story_19842240","launch_hn"],"author":"rmcginnis","children":[19842308,19842523,19842532,19842546,19842547,19842589,19842656,19842666,19842667,19842680,19842685,19842757,19842818,19842840,19842843,19842891,19842939,19842971,19842973,19842974,19843008,19843010,19843040,19843044,19843078,19843139,19843153,19843154,19843181,19843224,19843239,19843264,19843269,19843270,19843274,19843342,19843344,19843350,19843354,19843358,19843382,19843387,19843412,19843441,19843455,19843457,19843467,19843472,19843500,19843533,19843580,19843595,19843611,19843663,19843687,19843690,19843693,19843702,19843711,19843720,19843822,19843842,19843870,19843873,19843878,19843885,19843927,19843937,19843961,19843979,19843994,19844001,19844013,19844067,19844069,19844089,19844104,19844112,19844171,19844177,19844221,19844265,19844290,19844406,19844414,19844428,19844444,19844499,19844501,19844514,19844578,19844625,19844697,19844698,19844835,19844869,19844905,19844913,19844945,19844963,19845037,19845090,19845353,19845382,19845474,19845639,19845662,19846010,19846169,19846257,19846271,19846441,19846559,19846570,19846667,19846745,19846748,19846785,19846837,19847021,19847037,19847074,19847209,19847236,19847401,19847416,19847421,19847492,19847550,19847625,19847642,19847958,19848171,19848227,19848702,19848772,19848840,19848923,19849022,19849056,19849418,19849786,19850223,19851752,19858011,19879499,19884525,19892806,19935979,19935981],"created_at":"2019-05-06T18:21:58Z","created_at_i":1557166918,"num_comments":565,"objectID":"19842240","points":1250,"story_id":19842240,"story_text":"Hi HN! I\u2019m Rob, Founder of Prometheus. We\u2019re removing CO2 from the air and turning it gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. Since we use zero-carbon electricity from sources like solar and wind to make our fuel, there are no net CO2 emissions when you use it.<p>An article about us came up on HN recently and people seemed interested (<a href=\"https:&#x2F;&#x2F;news.ycombinator.com&#x2F;item?id=19792412\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;news.ycombinator.com&#x2F;item?id=19792412</a>), so we thought it would be good to try to answer some of the questions we saw there and try to dive in some more to any questions that follow!<p>The only inputs to make the fuel are CO2 and water (both from the air) and electricity. The only outputs are fuel and oxygen. One way to think about it is that making fuel is reverse combustion. The process isn\u2019t super efficient (we expect 50-60% overall efficiency at maturity), but it turns out that doesn\u2019t matter as long as the electricity is zero carbon and low cost. If the cost of our equipment is also low,  then we believe we can not only make zero carbon fuel, but actually compete on price with fossil fuel.<p>We\u2019re not the first to make fuel from the air - in fact Google, Audi, Carbon Engineering, Global Thermostat, Climeworks, and labs at universities and national labs have all done it before us. What no one has been able to do so far is do it at a low enough cost to compete with fossil fuel.<p>The thing that\u2019s new about what we\u2019re doing is that we have gotten rid of all the thermal processes normally used, and instead use a process that uses only electricity (no natural gas, etc) and does it at room temperature. This is a big deal for both capital cost and for being truly carbon zero. We can use inexpensive materials, which keeps our cost low, and can start up and shut down quickly, which allows us to run intermittently, matching the intermittent nature of many renewable energy sources. We can also only run when the power is at the price we want.<p>Digging in to some more details, we absorb CO2 and water vapor from the air into an aqueous electrolyte. We then react the CO2 in the water with a copper catalyst to directly make alcohols like ethanol, butanol, propanol, etc. Both of these things have been done by many others and the science is known. Normally at this point one would have to use a thermal process (distillation) to get the fuel out of the water, and this is expensive and makes the economics really hard to get right. We don\u2019t have to do this step thermally though, because we have a carbon nanotube membrane that replaces it, extracting the alcohols from water in a single step at room temperature. This makes a huge difference in cost. The last step is that we up-convert the alcohols to gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. This last step is also well known and we can actually buy this step from others.<p>The carbon nanotube membrane that makes this all work is the product of 6 years at my previous startup, Mattershift. I was developing it for desalination and water purification. About 3 years ago I realized it could do this job, but it wasn\u2019t clear that a startup could raise money for such an ambitious effort, especially one linked to a political issue (unfortunately) like climate change. When I saw the YC request for startups in carbon removal, I knew that the timing was right, and I founded Prometheus to do it.<p>Please let me know if you have more questions or feedback. I\u2019ll do my best to answer any questions, but please excuse if I\u2019m not able to go too far into details like our piping and instrumentation design, or other really specific things we wouldn\u2019t want to help competitors with.<p>Thanks!","title":"Launch HN: Prometheus (YC W19) \u2013 Remove CO2 from Air and Turn It into Gasoline","updated_at":"2025-09-05T20:18:40Z"},{"_highlightResult":{"author":{"matchLevel":"none","matchedWords":[],"value":"NoxiousPluK"},"title":{"fullyHighlighted":false,"matchLevel":"full","matchedWords":["air"],"value":"Telegram founder Pavel Durov arrested at French 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meltdown","updated_at":"2026-09-09T13:27:50Z","url":"https://jameshaydon.github.io/nats-fail/"},{"_highlightResult":{"author":{"matchLevel":"none","matchedWords":[],"value":"knowingathing"},"title":{"fullyHighlighted":false,"matchLevel":"full","matchedWords":["air"],"value":"<em>Air</em>Pods don't \u201cjust work\u201d"},"url":{"fullyHighlighted":false,"matchLevel":"full","matchedWords":["air"],"value":"https://philip.design/blog/<em>air</em>pods-dont-just-work/"}},"_tags":["story","author_knowingathing","story_30084901"],"author":"knowingathing","children":[30085190,30085194,30085196,30085242,30085253,30085263,30085270,30085275,30085284,30085285,30085286,30085289,30085291,30085295,30085304,30085308,30085310,30085311,30085317,30085328,30085337,30085338,30085342,30085348,30085357,30085363,30085367,30085371,30085379,30085381,30085387,30085391,30085394,30085396,30085398,30085399,30085405,30085423,30085424,30085453,30085471,30085479,30085494,30085496,30085531,30085532,30085536,30085538,30085545,30085558,30085560,30085571,30085579,30085584,30085586,30085593,30085614,30085622,30085630,30085631,30085637,30085638,30085647,30085666,30085717,30085731,30085739,30085745,30085809,30085835,30085850,30085854,30085858,30085917,30085918,30085923,30085935,30085993,30085995,30086001,30086005,30086011,30086015,30086017,30086040,30086044,30086064,30086118,30086153,30086169,30086218,30086288,30086305,30086356,30086413,30086430,30086452,30086456,30086536,30086547,30086564,30086581,30086675,30086676,30086683,30086785,30086787,30086851,30087150,30087158,30087298,30087378,30087391,30087415,30087685,30087790,30087808,30087828,30087945,30088072,30088556,30088563,30088635,30088725,30088849,30088908,30088976,30089025,30089053,30089138,30089263,30089458,30089510,30089543,30089551,30089573,30089631,30089648,30089755,30089801,30089815,30089835,30089955,30089979,30089994,30090056,30090130,30090137,30090149,30090200,30090300,30090355,30090485,30090518,30090550,30090564,30090813,30090874,30090891,30090898,30091000,30091110,30091230,30091282,30091323,30091362,30091372,30091401,30091662,30091693,30091729,30091813,30092572,30092786,30092833,30092937,30093416,30093669,30093698,30093730,30094110,30094539,30094934,30095072,30095378,30095399,30096048,30096152,30096191,30096299,30099673,30101621,30103221,30103932,30104975,30114355],"created_at":"2022-01-26T12:58:22Z","created_at_i":1643201902,"num_comments":937,"objectID":"30084901","points":927,"story_id":30084901,"title":"AirPods don't \u201cjust work\u201d","updated_at":"2026-06-26T01:15:34Z","url":"https://philip.design/blog/airpods-dont-just-work/"},{"_highlightResult":{"author":{"matchLevel":"none","matchedWords":[],"value":"cmui"},"story_text":{"fullyHighlighted":false,"matchLevel":"full","matchedWords":["air"],"value":"Hi HN! I\u2019m Chris Mui, founder of Electric <em>Air</em> (<a href=\"https://electricair.io\">https://electricair.io</a>). We\u2019re building a residential heat pump system. This will be an all-electric replacement for your home\u2019s furnace and <em>air</em> conditioner that enables more centrally ducted installs, manages your indoor <em>air</em> quality, and saves you money on monthly energy bills. We also streamline purchase, finance and install by selling directly to homeowners. You can place a preorder today at <a href=\"https://electricair.io\">https://electricair.io</a>.<p>Heat pumps work by using refrigerant and a compressor to move energy against a temperature gradient. If you put 1 kWh of energy into a heat pump, you get 3-5 kWh of heating in your home. But this isn\u2019t breaking the laws of physics because heat pumps don\u2019t make heat, they move it around. The extra 2-4kWh gets absorbed from the outdoors, even when it is cold outside. The low pressure refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger is colder than the outdoor <em>air</em>, so it has to absorb energy. After the compressor the refrigerant in the indoor heat exchanger is hotter than the indoor <em>air</em>, and energy flows into your home. This happens in a continuous cycle. A great feature in this system is a reversing valve that allows the flow of refrigerant to be flipped and your heat pump becomes an <em>air</em> conditioner.<p>There\u2019s a big push to end fossil fuel use in US homes by electrifying all end-uses, and heat pumps are a critical part of this. Space heating is 50% of the average homeowners energy consumption, and makes up 10% of overall US energy use. Recognizing the importance of heat pump adoption, the recently passed Inflation Reduction Act contains $4.3B in heat pump rebates for low and middle income families, and a $2000 tax credit that applies to everyone. Heat pumps can also save homeowners on their monthly utility bills vs. heating with natural gas, propane, fuel oil, and electric resistance. And thanks to the popularity of vapor injection systems, heat pumps now work well even in the cold climates of the Northeast.<p>Quick technical aside on vapor injection systems -  this is an improvement to the basic vapor compression cycle. Gas from the condenser outlet is injected halfway into the compression process. This increases the compressor efficiency, increases the mass flow rate of refrigerant through the compressor, and also lowers the discharge temperature. The result is higher system efficiency, higher heating capacity, and the ability to operate across large temperature gradients (say -15F outside temp to 72F in your home) without exceeding the discharge temperature limit and damaging the compressor.<p>I\u2019ve spent my career building and designing thermal systems\u2014first in aerospace, then at Tesla working on Model 3 and Semi Truck, and most recently in vertical farming. I got really excited about residential heat pumps when I realized that we\u2019re about to go through a huge transition where the 80M single family homes in the US replace their furnaces with heat pumps.<p>But the products on the market today have a number of shortcomings. The homeowner experience sucks because the integration of thermostat, heat pump equipment and <em>air</em> quality systems is terrible. Nothing works together well, and the best thermostats are not fully compatible with inverter driven heat pumps. In addition the process of getting a heat pump is painful, including finding a trustworthy contractor, sorting out financing, and wading through rebates. And finally contractors struggle with installs because of the difficulty of properly sizing the system, and understanding if your duct work is compatible with a heat pump<p>I wanted to approach home heating and cooling from a product design approach, improve the end-to-end experience for homeowners and make a product that was compelling beyond its climate motivations. Electric <em>Air</em> is building a thermostat as well as heat pump equipment (<em>air</em> handler and condenser) and a contractor web-app.<p>Better <em>air</em> quality is achieved through a thermostat with PM2.5 and CO2 sensors, as well as an <em>air</em> quality module on the <em>air</em> handler that controls HEPA filtration, fresh <em>air</em> intake and modification of the home\u2019s humidity. The thermostat algorithm combines demand-response with weather and time-of-use rate plans to reduce monthly utility bills through pre-cooling and pre-heating. Unlike a Nest or Ecobee, the thermostat will be able to run the heat pump in variable speed mode. A more powerful <em>air</em> handler blower and contractor software enables more ducted installs - no wall units required. The most common heating system in the US is a natural gas furnace connected to ductwork, with the hot <em>air</em> ultimately coming out of vents in each room. This heat pump is a great replacement for the furnace and <em>air</em> conditioner in these ducted systems. The same software used for ducts also helps contractors perform simple load disaggregation (turn a utility bill into a thermal load calculation) to properly size a heat pump system. In addition there\u2019s actually some industrial design going into the outdoor condenser, meaning you don\u2019t have to hide it in an alley. And finally homeowners can purchase this system online. We help with financing and rebates, and connect them with a contractor to do the actual install.<p>How come no one\u2019s doing this? Heat pump manufacturers are bad at making consumer products like thermostats and the thermostat manufacturers are IOT companies that don\u2019t have the know-how to wade into heat pump equipment manufacture. For heat pump manufacturers, their end customer is largely HVAC contractors, and not homeowners. Also selling direct means disrupting their current distribution strategy which normally involves selling to regional distributors, and sometimes straight to contractors. Getting this right is a big systems integration problem that the current players are ill equipped to handle.<p>While we don't have any physical prototypes at the moment, we have the industrial design and also largely understand how this will be built. The core technology risk is quite low, it's really about executing the scope well and also finding the right product that homeowners find compelling. I'm working on building traction via preorders (<a href=\"https://electricair.io\">https://electricair.io</a>), and will start building hardware once fundraising is complete, likely in the next few weeks.<p>What issues have you had with your existing heat and cooling, and do you have any interesting stories around a heat pump install or use? I would love to hear your ideas, experiences, and feedback on any and all of the above!"},"title":{"fullyHighlighted":false,"matchLevel":"full","matchedWords":["air"],"value":"Launch HN: Electric <em>Air</em> (YC W23) \u2013 Heat pump sold directly to homeowners"}},"_tags":["story","author_cmui","story_35138319","launch_hn"],"author":"cmui","children":[35138359,35138479,35138516,35138518,35138532,35138551,35138564,35138566,35138582,35138588,35138607,35138618,35138620,35138638,35138709,35138723,35138724,35138739,35138740,35138747,35138754,35138758,35138768,35138784,35138804,35138841,35138884,35138894,35138895,35138965,35138983,35139017,35139020,35139041,35139045,35139054,35139064,35139067,35139082,35139155,35139176,35139182,35139220,35139315,35139323,35139347,35139358,35139360,35139416,35139432,35139442,35139496,35139550,35139604,35139622,35139627,35139653,35139695,35139713,35139744,35139776,35139784,35139790,35139806,35139931,35139941,35140060,35140145,35140176,35140264,35140313,35140385,35140446,35140472,35140479,35140494,35140518,35140568,35140583,35140623,35140629,35140647,35140720,35140728,35140790,35140814,35140896,35140915,35140925,35140935,35140994,35140999,35141109,35141116,35141127,35141235,35141279,35141281,35141333,35141363,35141400,35141440,35141448,35141518,35141578,35141618,35141722,35141766,35141784,35141874,35141885,35141902,35142044,35142129,35142156,35142294,35142389,35142576,35142595,35142656,35142657,35142756,35142761,35142766,35142863,35142909,35142997,35143009,35143043,35143117,35143123,35143226,35143628,35143648,35143716,35143768,35143917,35143974,35144203,35144217,35144228,35144413,35144458,35144462,35144582,35144619,35144696,35144707,35144772,35144864,35144926,35145117,35145243,35145265,35145365,35145468,35145523,35145567,35145624,35145679,35145711,35145839,35146142,35146194,35146220,35146222,35146352,35146457,35146602,35146723,35146784,35146871,35146933,35146981,35146982,35146984,35147027,35147038,35147150,35147256,35147314,35147328,35147417,35147419,35147463,35147467,35147489,35147522,35147527,35147584,35147650,35147661,35147729,35147957,35147977,35148012,35148015,35148026,35148048,35148050,35148299,35148341,35148547,35148855,35149094,35149122,35149214,35149219,35149277,35149359,35149361,35149432,35149527,35149600,35149605,35149647,35149651,35149853,35149972,35150358,35150563,35151756,35153376,35154152,35154262,35154459,35158198,35160626,35163664,35164001,35211837,35211852],"created_at":"2023-03-13T16:45:07Z","created_at_i":1678725907,"num_comments":789,"objectID":"35138319","points":927,"story_id":35138319,"story_text":"Hi HN! I\u2019m Chris Mui, founder of Electric Air (<a href=\"https:&#x2F;&#x2F;electricair.io\">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;electricair.io</a>). We\u2019re building a residential heat pump system. This will be an all-electric replacement for your home\u2019s furnace and air conditioner that enables more centrally ducted installs, manages your indoor air quality, and saves you money on monthly energy bills. We also streamline purchase, finance and install by selling directly to homeowners. You can place a preorder today at <a href=\"https:&#x2F;&#x2F;electricair.io\">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;electricair.io</a>.<p>Heat pumps work by using refrigerant and a compressor to move energy against a temperature gradient. If you put 1 kWh of energy into a heat pump, you get 3-5 kWh of heating in your home. But this isn\u2019t breaking the laws of physics because heat pumps don\u2019t make heat, they move it around. The extra 2-4kWh gets absorbed from the outdoors, even when it is cold outside. The low pressure refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger is colder than the outdoor air, so it has to absorb energy. After the compressor the refrigerant in the indoor heat exchanger is hotter than the indoor air, and energy flows into your home. This happens in a continuous cycle. A great feature in this system is a reversing valve that allows the flow of refrigerant to be flipped and your heat pump becomes an air conditioner.<p>There\u2019s a big push to end fossil fuel use in US homes by electrifying all end-uses, and heat pumps are a critical part of this. Space heating is 50% of the average homeowners energy consumption, and makes up 10% of overall US energy use. Recognizing the importance of heat pump adoption, the recently passed Inflation Reduction Act contains $4.3B in heat pump rebates for low and middle income families, and a $2000 tax credit that applies to everyone. Heat pumps can also save homeowners on their monthly utility bills vs. heating with natural gas, propane, fuel oil, and electric resistance. And thanks to the popularity of vapor injection systems, heat pumps now work well even in the cold climates of the Northeast.<p>Quick technical aside on vapor injection systems -  this is an improvement to the basic vapor compression cycle. Gas from the condenser outlet is injected halfway into the compression process. This increases the compressor efficiency, increases the mass flow rate of refrigerant through the compressor, and also lowers the discharge temperature. The result is higher system efficiency, higher heating capacity, and the ability to operate across large temperature gradients (say -15F outside temp to 72F in your home) without exceeding the discharge temperature limit and damaging the compressor.<p>I\u2019ve spent my career building and designing thermal systems\u2014first in aerospace, then at Tesla working on Model 3 and Semi Truck, and most recently in vertical farming. I got really excited about residential heat pumps when I realized that we\u2019re about to go through a huge transition where the 80M single family homes in the US replace their furnaces with heat pumps.<p>But the products on the market today have a number of shortcomings. The homeowner experience sucks because the integration of thermostat, heat pump equipment and air quality systems is terrible. Nothing works together well, and the best thermostats are not fully compatible with inverter driven heat pumps. In addition the process of getting a heat pump is painful, including finding a trustworthy contractor, sorting out financing, and wading through rebates. And finally contractors struggle with installs because of the difficulty of properly sizing the system, and understanding if your duct work is compatible with a heat pump<p>I wanted to approach home heating and cooling from a product design approach, improve the end-to-end experience for homeowners and make a product that was compelling beyond its climate motivations. Electric Air is building a thermostat as well as heat pump equipment (air handler and condenser) and a contractor web-app.<p>Better air quality is achieved through a thermostat with PM2.5 and CO2 sensors, as well as an air quality module on the air handler that controls HEPA filtration, fresh air intake and modification of the home\u2019s humidity. The thermostat algorithm combines demand-response with weather and time-of-use rate plans to reduce monthly utility bills through pre-cooling and pre-heating. Unlike a Nest or Ecobee, the thermostat will be able to run the heat pump in variable speed mode. A more powerful air handler blower and contractor software enables more ducted installs - no wall units required. The most common heating system in the US is a natural gas furnace connected to ductwork, with the hot air ultimately coming out of vents in each room. This heat pump is a great replacement for the furnace and air conditioner in these ducted systems. The same software used for ducts also helps contractors perform simple load disaggregation (turn a utility bill into a thermal load calculation) to properly size a heat pump system. In addition there\u2019s actually some industrial design going into the outdoor condenser, meaning you don\u2019t have to hide it in an alley. And finally homeowners can purchase this system online. We help with financing and rebates, and connect them with a contractor to do the actual install.<p>How come no one\u2019s doing this? Heat pump manufacturers are bad at making consumer products like thermostats and the thermostat manufacturers are IOT companies that don\u2019t have the know-how to wade into heat pump equipment manufacture. For heat pump manufacturers, their end customer is largely HVAC contractors, and not homeowners. Also selling direct means disrupting their current distribution strategy which normally involves selling to regional distributors, and sometimes straight to contractors. Getting this right is a big systems integration problem that the current players are ill equipped to handle.<p>While we don&#x27;t have any physical prototypes at the moment, we have the industrial design and also largely understand how this will be built. The core technology risk is quite low, it&#x27;s really about executing the scope well and also finding the right product that homeowners find compelling. I&#x27;m working on building traction via preorders (<a href=\"https:&#x2F;&#x2F;electricair.io\">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;electricair.io</a>), and will start building hardware once fundraising is complete, likely in the next few weeks.<p>What issues have you had with your existing heat and cooling, and do you have any interesting stories around a heat pump install or use? 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During check in the host requested a cash deposit. this wasn't explained in the listing or prior to arrival. i couldn't check in and went elsewhere. Then i posted a review* giving these details.<p><em>Air</em>bnb removed my below review because &quot;The review didn\u2019t have enough relevant information to help the <em>Air</em>bnb community make informed booking or hosting decisions.&quot;<p>The rating of the place went back up after removal. The host still have &quot;superhost&quot; status.<p>Needless to say, i no longer trust <em>air</em>bnb reviews.<p>*my full review was:<p>I wasn't able to check in because [Host] requested 300 USD security deposit during check in. I told her - I don't have that much cash on me. - That is against <em>Air</em>BnB rules. - This should have been explained in <em>air</em>bnb listing. She can't just surprise guests with this at the last minute. She didn't listen. She said: &quot;my house my rules&quot;, &quot;you can't tell me how to run my business&quot;, &quot;if you don't like it, you can cancel&quot;. I told her if i cancel, i don't get full refund so she should cancel. she said she won't cancel and me not getting refund is not her problem. I think she counts on the fact that guests typically wouldn't want to cancel in the last minute. you can see in some other reviews people had to agree to paying her this deposit. But i didn't want to cave in and called <em>Air</em>BnB. Thankfully, <em>air</em>bnb fully refunded the payment and i was able to find another accomodation in the last minute. I don't recommend this host unless you want a stressful start for your vacation."},"title":{"fullyHighlighted":false,"matchLevel":"full","matchedWords":["air"],"value":"<em>Air</em>bnb removed my negative review"}},"_tags":["story","author_luminaobscura","story_34219422","ask_hn"],"author":"luminaobscura","children":[34219584,34219609,34219692,34219711,34219736,34219751,34219765,34219766,34219772,34219788,34219805,34219905,34219912,34219914,34220018,34220053,34220094,34220177,34220182,34220208,34220217,34220265,34220271,34220280,34220295,34220297,34220300,34220343,34220380,34220441,34220502,34220528,34220593,34220626,34220718,34220915,34221017,34221122,34221193,34221310,34221399,34221425,34221555,34221652,34221860,34222041,34222275,34222418,34222449,34222456,34222664,34222717,34222964,34223255,34223664,34223694,34224529,34226740,34227199,34228884,34233883],"created_at":"2023-01-02T16:05:59Z","created_at_i":1672675559,"num_comments":456,"objectID":"34219422","points":752,"story_id":34219422,"story_text":"I recently had a bad airbnb experience. During check in the host requested a cash deposit. this wasn&#x27;t explained in the listing or prior to arrival. i couldn&#x27;t check in and went elsewhere. Then i posted a review* giving these details.<p>Airbnb removed my below review because &quot;The review didn\u2019t have enough relevant information to help the Airbnb community make informed booking or hosting decisions.&quot;<p>The rating of the place went back up after removal. The host still have &quot;superhost&quot; status.<p>Needless to say, i no longer trust airbnb reviews.<p>*my full review was:<p>I wasn&#x27;t able to check in because [Host] requested 300 USD security deposit during check in. I told her - I don&#x27;t have that much cash on me. - That is against AirBnB rules. - This should have been explained in airbnb listing. She can&#x27;t just surprise guests with this at the last minute. She didn&#x27;t listen. She said: &quot;my house my rules&quot;, &quot;you can&#x27;t tell me how to run my business&quot;, &quot;if you don&#x27;t like it, you can cancel&quot;. I told her if i cancel, i don&#x27;t get full refund so she should cancel. she said she won&#x27;t cancel and me not getting refund is not her problem. I think she counts on the fact that guests typically wouldn&#x27;t want to cancel in the last minute. you can see in some other reviews people had to agree to paying her this deposit. But i didn&#x27;t want to cave in and called AirBnB. Thankfully, airbnb fully refunded the payment and i was able to find another accomodation in the last minute. I don&#x27;t recommend this host unless you want a stressful start for your vacation.","title":"Airbnb removed my negative review","updated_at":"2026-07-27T12:53:18Z"},{"_highlightResult":{"author":{"matchLevel":"none","matchedWords":[],"value":"tosh"},"title":{"fullyHighlighted":false,"matchLevel":"full","matchedWords":["air"],"value":"I built a system that takes pictures of all the <em>air</em>planes that fly over my house"},"url":{"matchLevel":"none","matchedWords":[],"value":"https://twitter.com/LukeBerndt/status/1484916000139194375"}},"_tags":["story","author_tosh","story_30039597"],"author":"tosh","children":[30040431,30041061,30041066,30041118,30041181,30041185,30041291,30041307,30041336,30041431,30041444,30041448,30041457,30041627,30041659,30041677,30041719,30041722,30041788,30041798,30042063,30042124,30042185,30042292,30042468,30043074,30043086,30043098,30043365,30043625,30043879,30043952,30044075,30044184,30044231,30044245,30044647,30044722,30044820,30044879,30044943,30044985,30046273,30046323,30051205],"created_at":"2022-01-22T18:48:00Z","created_at_i":1642877280,"num_comments":182,"objectID":"30039597","points":740,"story_id":30039597,"title":"I built a system that takes pictures of all the airplanes that fly over my house","updated_at":"2025-01-24T08:33:59Z","url":"https://twitter.com/LukeBerndt/status/1484916000139194375"},{"_highlightResult":{"author":{"matchLevel":"none","matchedWords":[],"value":"n_ermosh"},"story_text":{"fullyHighlighted":false,"matchLevel":"full","matchedWords":["air"],"value":"Hey Hacker News! I\u2019m Nikita, founder of <em>Air</em>hart Aeronautics (<a href=\"https://www.airhartaero.com/\">https://www.<em>air</em>hartaero.com/</a>). We are building an <em>air</em>plane for people who don\u2019t fly <em>air</em>planes. The goal is to make flying as easy as driving a car\u2014while maintaining a high bar for safety. Here\u2019s a video that shows a bit of our hardware and quite a bit of our software: <a href=\"https://youtu.be/PGJUGUceu8A\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://youtu.be/PGJUGUceu8A</a><p>In the US, trips that are 50-300 miles are almost all done by car because that distance is too short for commercial <em>air</em>lines and too far for public transportation. Thanks to the Wright Brothers we've had aerial transport for over 100 years. The US has over 19,000 <em>air</em>ports, and large commercial <em>air</em>plane technology has developed to the point that the planes practically fly themselves. If we already have the infrastructure and the technology, why isn't everyone flying planes?<p>The problem is that small <em>air</em>plane technology hasn\u2019t innovated and is stuck in the past. Flying a small <em>air</em>plane is complicated, mentally taxing, and dangerous\u2014about 28x more dangerous than driving a car. Outdated <em>air</em>planes, coupled with outdated flight controls, lead to regular accidents, often due to some form of loss of control. The planes are expensive and margins are small. There is no incentive to innovate within the current market, so we are looking at the new, untapped market of those who don\u2019t think about flying as an option today and making it an option.<p>I first came across this when I learned to fly in 2020. I was learning in a \u201cmodern\u201d GA <em>air</em>plane but was immediately struck by the fact that an <em>air</em>plane built in 2018 did not have an engine computer and there was a manual level to control the fuel/<em>air</em> mixture ratio. Starting it on a hot day was like starting a stubborn lawn mower. On top of that, my instructor was telling me all the various ways I could kill myself if I\u2019m not running at 100% concentration for hours on end. This just didn\u2019t sit right with me.<p>At the time I was working at SpaceX as an avionics engineer, leading the development of the avionics for the fairing recovery program. I also built autonomous <em>air</em>craft when I was a student at Cornell, where I got a degree in electrical and computer engineering. It was clear to me that the core problem is that <em>air</em>planes are too unsafe and too complicated to operate which is keeping too many people out of aviation. So, I decided to leave SpaceX and was joined by my long-time friend Brendan (he was a software engineer at Apple at the time; we built autonomous <em>air</em>craft together at Cornell) to start <em>Air</em>hart to tackle this problem and make flying safer and more accessible.<p>We are developing a full hardware and software package to change how people fly <em>air</em>planes. It\u2019s a fly-by-wire control system, meaning instead of mechanical linkages between the pilot\u2019s control stick and the control surfaces, it\u2019s a joystick that sends digital commands to a computer that then moves the control surfaces accordingly with servo actuators. We\u2019re developing all of the hardware ourselves: the computers, the sensors, the actuators\u2013and all of the software that actually does the control. But it\u2019s not just fly-by-wire. On top of it, we are implementing a simplified control scheme that reduces flying the <em>air</em>plane to just one action to perform one maneuver.<p>For readers who aren\u2019t pilots: all flying is basically coordinating the <em>air</em>craft pitch, roll, yaw, and throttle to coordinate actions. Something as simple as a level turn to the right means you have to 1) roll the <em>air</em>plane, 2) use your feet on the rudder pedals to keep the turn coordinated, 3) pull back to increase your lift since you are now losing lift in a bank, 4) monitor your <em>air</em>speed (especially if at slow speeds when coming in to land), 5) monitor your altitude as you\u2019re adjusting your lift in (3), 6) monitor your turn coordination as you adjust it in (2). You are now established in a turn. To return to flying straight and level do those in reverse. And while doing all this, you need to be navigating through complex <em>air</em>paces and talking to <em>air</em> traffic control over 1940s radio technology. All this together makes it very hard to fly and very easy for a pilot (especially a new pilot) to lose control of the <em>air</em>plane, which is still the leading cause of fatalities in general aviation.<p>With <em>Air</em>hart Assist (that\u2019s what we call our system), you just push a control stick to the right and the flight computers do all those steps to put you into a coordinated level turn.<p>So, how does this actually work?<p>The force-feedback joystick in the plane sends its position to a flight controller (actually 3 that work in parallel for safety and redundancy, more on that later). The flight controller interprets the position as a turn rate or climb rate command (for left/right or forward/back). The flight controller also reads a bunch of sensors (gyroscope, accelerometer, magnetometer, <em>air</em> pressure, GPS, etc) to develop an accurate estimate of the <em>air</em>plane\u2019s state: roll, pitch, yaw, velocity, position, etc. Using the current state from the sensor fusion algorithms and the desired state from the joystick, the controller does a bunch of aerodynamics and control theory math to compute the control surface position necessary to bring the <em>air</em>craft to the desired state. Mixed into this is error checking, envelope protection, and other various safety measures to make sure the <em>air</em>craft never enters an unsafe state.<p>Unlike a traditional <em>air</em>plane, it becomes impossible to command the <em>air</em>plane into a stall, a spin, unsafe attitudes, or other bad states. This is the key to the safety of the system: it prevents the common mistakes that pilots make that lead to disastrous consequences.<p>To make sure that this system is always functioning, everything is single-fault tolerant. That means that there are no single points of failure. Any fault that might occur\u2013a broken wire, a fried resistor, a bitflip in a processor, a random hang in a kernel\u2013does not affect the functionality of the system. This is achieved by having three flight controllers that take in information from two different sets of sensors (we call them \u201cstrings\u201d), independently compute the desired actions to take, and vote on what to do. Each string has its own power source, backup battery, networking hardware, and set of critical sensors.<p>The only real single point of failure is the engine. We only have one, though the engine itself has redundant ignition systems, fuel pumps, controllers, etc. If the engine were to die, the batteries would keep the system running for ~30 minutes, giving you time to make an emergency landing. If the pilot somehow becomes incapacitated, any passenger can initiate an autonomous emergency landing. And if many things go wrong and the system does fail, there\u2019s a full <em>air</em>frame parachute that can be activated to bring the <em>air</em>plane safely to the ground.<p>A lot of people will likely wonder: \u201cisn\u2019t removing stick and rudder skills going to make worse pilots\u201d? Short answer: no. The core of what makes a good pilot isn\u2019t stick and rudder skills; it\u2019s good decision making and risk management. For single pilots in GA, it\u2019s even more important. So we are building a system that will give our pilots the tools to focus entirely on decision making and risk management and remove the distraction of stick and rudder that creates so many problems today. We think stick and rudder skills are definitely a necessity for <em>air</em>line pilots flying hundreds of people on board for the extremely rare cases where emergencies do happen and many people's lives are at risk, but not for an average person flying a four seat <em>air</em>plane to go on a weekend trip to the mountains. Our system makes it impossible to lose control of the <em>air</em>plane, potentially solving 80% of today\u2019s fatal accidents in general aviation.<p>Fly-by-wire systems typically cost millions of dollars. We intend to build it for much less. How? By leveraging automotive grade components, clever sensor fusion math so that we can use MEMS gyroscopes that cost &lt;$100 instead of laser-ring gyros that cost $1000 if not $10k, and by a first principles approach to the design of our system. This requires that we build a lot of our own hardware. We\u2019ve developed our own control surface actuators, our own display assemblies, we\u2019re developing our own radios and GPS hardware (an aviation grade GPS can cost upwards of $10k, but it\u2019s the same hardware as in a $20 consumer grade GPS).<p>To take advantage of this automotive style approach requires scale. Enter the final third of the problem: flying isn\u2019t sexy. Modern <em>air</em>planes look like they are from the 90s. With our first <em>air</em>plane, the <em>Air</em>hart Sling, we are redesigning the entire UI/UX of the flight deck to make it as easy as possible to use, redesigning the cabin to feel much more like a luxury car than an <em>air</em>plane today, and integrating <em>Air</em>hart Assist to make flying much more accessible and much more inviting. You can see previews of the <em>Air</em>hart Sling on our website, <a href=\"https://www.airhartaero.com/\">https://www.<em>air</em>hartaero.com/</a>. The sexiness of design is extremely important for the economies of scale of an automotive-style approach to work.<p>There\u2019s a plethora of other problems that make flying cumbersome: weight and balance worksheets, complicated route planning, talking to ATC, lengthy preflight checks, a fractured system of FBOs, difficult access to instruction, the list goes on. We are working on all of these too, but no amount of extra UI features can solve the fundamental problem that aviating itself is hard. So that\u2019s what we\u2019re solving first.<p>We want people who don\u2019t think about <em>air</em>planes as a mode of transportation to start flying and are hoping that <em>Air</em>hart will pave the way. Whether you fly planes today or not, I\u2019d love to hear your thoughts. This is a very exciting topic with lots to discuss so I\u2019m very much looking forward to the conversation!"},"title":{"fullyHighlighted":false,"matchLevel":"full","matchedWords":["air"],"value":"Launch HN: <em>Air</em>hart Aeronautics (YC S22) \u2013 A modern personal <em>air</em>plane"}},"_tags":["story","author_n_ermosh","story_41163382","launch_hn"],"author":"n_ermosh","children":[41163496,41163596,41163615,41163660,41163692,41163738,41163754,41163764,41163795,41163818,41163849,41163947,41163958,41163990,41164081,41164113,41164114,41164168,41164190,41164262,41164414,41164421,41164481,41164501,41164512,41164513,41164546,41164580,41164660,41164698,41164777,41164783,41164820,41164901,41164929,41165006,41165177,41165189,41165243,41165291,41165427,41165444,41165503,41165589,41165595,41165616,41165651,41165706,41165710,41165720,41165722,41165729,41165732,41165986,41166015,41166017,41166037,41166103,41166109,41166110,41166126,41166130,41166167,41166263,41166281,41166329,41166362,41166423,41166445,41166465,41166477,41166480,41166498,41166510,41166535,41166578,41166580,41166582,41166593,41166760,41166768,41166841,41166990,41167028,41167039,41167045,41167113,41167245,41167308,41167346,41167363,41167392,41167397,41167453,41167468,41167482,41167540,41167580,41167659,41167811,41167998,41168011,41168050,41168199,41168209,41168293,41168367,41168406,41168568,41168603,41168635,41168687,41168731,41168804,41168844,41168856,41169074,41169135,41169489,41169507,41169581,41169914,41169929,41169999,41170078,41170144,41170540,41170542,41170579,41170681,41170794,41170880,41172131,41176464,41178012,41178977,41178994,41236867],"created_at":"2024-08-05T17:26:43Z","created_at_i":1722878803,"num_comments":615,"objectID":"41163382","points":738,"story_id":41163382,"story_text":"Hey Hacker News! I\u2019m Nikita, founder of Airhart Aeronautics (<a href=\"https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.airhartaero.com&#x2F;\">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.airhartaero.com&#x2F;</a>). We are building an airplane for people who don\u2019t fly airplanes. The goal is to make flying as easy as driving a car\u2014while maintaining a high bar for safety. Here\u2019s a video that shows a bit of our hardware and quite a bit of our software: <a href=\"https:&#x2F;&#x2F;youtu.be&#x2F;PGJUGUceu8A\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;youtu.be&#x2F;PGJUGUceu8A</a><p>In the US, trips that are 50-300 miles are almost all done by car because that distance is too short for commercial airlines and too far for public transportation. Thanks to the Wright Brothers we&#x27;ve had aerial transport for over 100 years. The US has over 19,000 airports, and large commercial airplane technology has developed to the point that the planes practically fly themselves. If we already have the infrastructure and the technology, why isn&#x27;t everyone flying planes?<p>The problem is that small airplane technology hasn\u2019t innovated and is stuck in the past. Flying a small airplane is complicated, mentally taxing, and dangerous\u2014about 28x more dangerous than driving a car. Outdated airplanes, coupled with outdated flight controls, lead to regular accidents, often due to some form of loss of control. The planes are expensive and margins are small. There is no incentive to innovate within the current market, so we are looking at the new, untapped market of those who don\u2019t think about flying as an option today and making it an option.<p>I first came across this when I learned to fly in 2020. I was learning in a \u201cmodern\u201d GA airplane but was immediately struck by the fact that an airplane built in 2018 did not have an engine computer and there was a manual level to control the fuel&#x2F;air mixture ratio. Starting it on a hot day was like starting a stubborn lawn mower. On top of that, my instructor was telling me all the various ways I could kill myself if I\u2019m not running at 100% concentration for hours on end. This just didn\u2019t sit right with me.<p>At the time I was working at SpaceX as an avionics engineer, leading the development of the avionics for the fairing recovery program. I also built autonomous aircraft when I was a student at Cornell, where I got a degree in electrical and computer engineering. It was clear to me that the core problem is that airplanes are too unsafe and too complicated to operate which is keeping too many people out of aviation. So, I decided to leave SpaceX and was joined by my long-time friend Brendan (he was a software engineer at Apple at the time; we built autonomous aircraft together at Cornell) to start Airhart to tackle this problem and make flying safer and more accessible.<p>We are developing a full hardware and software package to change how people fly airplanes. It\u2019s a fly-by-wire control system, meaning instead of mechanical linkages between the pilot\u2019s control stick and the control surfaces, it\u2019s a joystick that sends digital commands to a computer that then moves the control surfaces accordingly with servo actuators. We\u2019re developing all of the hardware ourselves: the computers, the sensors, the actuators\u2013and all of the software that actually does the control. But it\u2019s not just fly-by-wire. On top of it, we are implementing a simplified control scheme that reduces flying the airplane to just one action to perform one maneuver.<p>For readers who aren\u2019t pilots: all flying is basically coordinating the aircraft pitch, roll, yaw, and throttle to coordinate actions. Something as simple as a level turn to the right means you have to 1) roll the airplane, 2) use your feet on the rudder pedals to keep the turn coordinated, 3) pull back to increase your lift since you are now losing lift in a bank, 4) monitor your airspeed (especially if at slow speeds when coming in to land), 5) monitor your altitude as you\u2019re adjusting your lift in (3), 6) monitor your turn coordination as you adjust it in (2). You are now established in a turn. To return to flying straight and level do those in reverse. And while doing all this, you need to be navigating through complex airpaces and talking to air traffic control over 1940s radio technology. All this together makes it very hard to fly and very easy for a pilot (especially a new pilot) to lose control of the airplane, which is still the leading cause of fatalities in general aviation.<p>With Airhart Assist (that\u2019s what we call our system), you just push a control stick to the right and the flight computers do all those steps to put you into a coordinated level turn.<p>So, how does this actually work?<p>The force-feedback joystick in the plane sends its position to a flight controller (actually 3 that work in parallel for safety and redundancy, more on that later). The flight controller interprets the position as a turn rate or climb rate command (for left&#x2F;right or forward&#x2F;back). The flight controller also reads a bunch of sensors (gyroscope, accelerometer, magnetometer, air pressure, GPS, etc) to develop an accurate estimate of the airplane\u2019s state: roll, pitch, yaw, velocity, position, etc. Using the current state from the sensor fusion algorithms and the desired state from the joystick, the controller does a bunch of aerodynamics and control theory math to compute the control surface position necessary to bring the aircraft to the desired state. Mixed into this is error checking, envelope protection, and other various safety measures to make sure the aircraft never enters an unsafe state.<p>Unlike a traditional airplane, it becomes impossible to command the airplane into a stall, a spin, unsafe attitudes, or other bad states. This is the key to the safety of the system: it prevents the common mistakes that pilots make that lead to disastrous consequences.<p>To make sure that this system is always functioning, everything is single-fault tolerant. That means that there are no single points of failure. Any fault that might occur\u2013a broken wire, a fried resistor, a bitflip in a processor, a random hang in a kernel\u2013does not affect the functionality of the system. This is achieved by having three flight controllers that take in information from two different sets of sensors (we call them \u201cstrings\u201d), independently compute the desired actions to take, and vote on what to do. Each string has its own power source, backup battery, networking hardware, and set of critical sensors.<p>The only real single point of failure is the engine. We only have one, though the engine itself has redundant ignition systems, fuel pumps, controllers, etc. If the engine were to die, the batteries would keep the system running for ~30 minutes, giving you time to make an emergency landing. If the pilot somehow becomes incapacitated, any passenger can initiate an autonomous emergency landing. And if many things go wrong and the system does fail, there\u2019s a full airframe parachute that can be activated to bring the airplane safely to the ground.<p>A lot of people will likely wonder: \u201cisn\u2019t removing stick and rudder skills going to make worse pilots\u201d? Short answer: no. The core of what makes a good pilot isn\u2019t stick and rudder skills; it\u2019s good decision making and risk management. For single pilots in GA, it\u2019s even more important. So we are building a system that will give our pilots the tools to focus entirely on decision making and risk management and remove the distraction of stick and rudder that creates so many problems today. We think stick and rudder skills are definitely a necessity for airline pilots flying hundreds of people on board for the extremely rare cases where emergencies do happen and many people&#x27;s lives are at risk, but not for an average person flying a four seat airplane to go on a weekend trip to the mountains. Our system makes it impossible to lose control of the airplane, potentially solving 80% of today\u2019s fatal accidents in general aviation.<p>Fly-by-wire systems typically cost millions of dollars. We intend to build it for much less. How? By leveraging automotive grade components, clever sensor fusion math so that we can use MEMS gyroscopes that cost &lt;$100 instead of laser-ring gyros that cost $1000 if not $10k, and by a first principles approach to the design of our system. This requires that we build a lot of our own hardware. We\u2019ve developed our own control surface actuators, our own display assemblies, we\u2019re developing our own radios and GPS hardware (an aviation grade GPS can cost upwards of $10k, but it\u2019s the same hardware as in a $20 consumer grade GPS).<p>To take advantage of this automotive style approach requires scale. Enter the final third of the problem: flying isn\u2019t sexy. Modern airplanes look like they are from the 90s. With our first airplane, the Airhart Sling, we are redesigning the entire UI&#x2F;UX of the flight deck to make it as easy as possible to use, redesigning the cabin to feel much more like a luxury car than an airplane today, and integrating Airhart Assist to make flying much more accessible and much more inviting. You can see previews of the Airhart Sling on our website, <a href=\"https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.airhartaero.com&#x2F;\">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.airhartaero.com&#x2F;</a>. The sexiness of design is extremely important for the economies of scale of an automotive-style approach to work.<p>There\u2019s a plethora of other problems that make flying cumbersome: weight and balance worksheets, complicated route planning, talking to ATC, lengthy preflight checks, a fractured system of FBOs, difficult access to instruction, the list goes on. We are working on all of these too, but no amount of extra UI features can solve the fundamental problem that aviating itself is hard. So that\u2019s what we\u2019re solving first.<p>We want people who don\u2019t think about airplanes as a mode of transportation to start flying and are hoping that Airhart will pave the way. Whether you fly planes today or not, I\u2019d love to hear your thoughts. 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