SPEAKER_01: Zuckerberg has decided I'd rather have more machines than people. We're going into a doomsday scenario because of AI.

SPEAKER_00: The race is afoot. So there's a race to become relevant in about 24 months. I think we're going to see a lot of multi-deca billion dollar companies come out of these next few years.

SPEAKER_04: One person's like infinite money glitch opportunity is another person's distraction. There's an infinite number of problems in the world to be solved. It's going to be fine, folks. You're going to be able to find those problems, but you must change your mindset.

SPEAKER_01: All right, everybody. It's Friday, April 24th. It's Twist. He's Lon Harris. I'm Jason Calacanis. It is AO88. Yeah, three months after we started talking about OpenClaw here on the program.

SPEAKER_04: And we keep talking about it, although there's many more competitors now. And so we are really turning around the corner here, Lon, on the program. And the next thing I would like to make a focus for us, we've been really focused on BitTensor. It's super focused on OpenClaw. The next piece, I think, is SLMs, the small language models. And so this is something we had Aragon on. They're making SLMs. We've had other folks on talking about VSLMs, vertical small language models. Here's one just for marketing. Here's one just for learning a foreign language or math. We do think with the hardware profile opening up on Macs specifically, but also Dell's with their GB300 or 3000,

SPEAKER_08: their new workstation that they've announced. 300.

SPEAKER_10: The future for startups is going to be local models that you own.

SPEAKER_04: Open source models as a foundation that are then trained on your data and then published or built, and then some post-training. And that's going to be really difficult for people to do today, just like setting up OpenClaw, difficult for people to do. But I do think as we turn around the corner, we're going to see that become a reality, and that's one of the things we're going to be talking about here on This Week in Startups.

Chamath Palihapitiya: We also had Rob May from Neurometric. They're also working on small language.

SPEAKER_18: So already kind of a mini theme through the month of April that we'll be expanding on in May.

SPEAKER_21: Yes.

SPEAKER_04: And we have a sister program here as the This Week in Calacanis Media Empire starts anew. The new empire.

SPEAKER_08: I've built this empire a couple of times here. Three times. Just three times. But for podcasts, for inside, for this, for that.

SPEAKER_04: But we realize there's a ton of opportunity to use the roundtable format that I've kind of perfected here on this program, This Week in Venture Capital, This Week in AI, and all in, of course, and pull that shrink. So if you go to thisweekinaai.ai, you'll see 10 episodes of our newest show, This Week in AI. We're going to publish the first half of the show to the This Week in Startups feed for the rest of the year. So you'll get reminded of that. But go check out This Week in AI.

SPEAKER_24: We've had extraordinary guests on the program.

SPEAKER_25: Yeah. Last week's episode with Edwin Shen and Aravind Sravanas, incredible. It was such an in-depth conversation. But I was able to follow it as just a regular guy who is not training models all day.

SPEAKER_04: I was thinking about layoffs. And just yesterday, you know, we keep having this debate. Sure. Are we going to have tons of new jobs created? Are we going to have tons of jobs? And there's this P-Doom, which is like, how sure are you that we're going into a doomsday scenario because of AI? Right.

SPEAKER_23: And I'm watching a lot of blue haireds and graybeards and business people all debate their P-Dooms, right? I'm not saying you're a graybeard yet, but you've got a little sprinkled in there.

SPEAKER_04: Graybeards usually are like the Quartrand developers.

SPEAKER_32: No, I understand what you mean. The ancients ones, yeah.

SPEAKER_04: Yeah. And, you know, some of them are saying 50%. Some are saying 80%. Some are saying 20%. Chance of doom. Sure. I think it's like a bit hyperbolic. You don't have to really worry too much about that because you have no control over it as a person not building these things. And even if you are a person building these things, the race is afoot. It's a global race. Everybody's building this. So let's just assume we're going to not just perfect AGI, but we're going to get to superintelligent.

SPEAKER_37: And the superintelligence will look at humans' level of intelligence and think, kitten, you know, bulldog.

SPEAKER_18: Well, it's the end of her. When Samantha is like, listen, I don't want to be in love with you anymore. I've advanced to a place beyond your comprehension.

SPEAKER_25: All of us AIs are going to go off somewhere and just do our own thing. We don't need you anymore.

SPEAKER_04: So, you know, that one was like, that's not a doom scenario. It's a sad scenario. Like the humans were like, oh, we kind of liked it.

SPEAKER_42: Yeah, they're going to leave us behind. Yeah.

SPEAKER_04: KPMG, meta.

Chamath Palihapitiya: And one other company yesterday all announced in the ballpark of $10,000, $8,000 to $10,000. Was it Nike?

SPEAKER_43: They also announced some layoffs.

SPEAKER_01: Okay. Nike probably, they've got, you know, and there's this idea that this is AI washing.

SPEAKER_47: Right.

SPEAKER_01: Okay. Sure. Maybe.

SPEAKER_18: There's also the, like in Meta's case, it's just like Oracle a month or two ago. They're doing the AI layoffs, not because like, oh, these AI tools, we don't need all these people. They have to pay for the AI infrastructure investments they're making and they're doing that. But Meta said that almost, I have it here in the docket because I thought it was so interesting. Yeah. Chief People Officer Janelle Gale, here's her quote from the memo. We're doing this as part of our continued effort to run the company more efficiently. So that's, we can afford to, you know, get rid of people and to allow us to offset the other investments we're making. So she's kind of coming right out and saying like, they're spending so much on all of these chips. They just made a new deal with Amazon yesterday for a multi-billion dollar deal for more of their Graviton chips. So it's whether or not the AI actually takes over these people's jobs, these people have

SPEAKER_48: to go to pay for the AI.

SPEAKER_04: That is the exact point that I was going to get to. Oh, sorry. No, it's great that you teed it up as you did. Because it's not abundantly clear when you say it like that, but it does relate to P-Doom, which is to say, given a choice, a capital allocator, one of the top war chests in the industry, one of the top money printing businesses, they could keep adding staff. They're massively profitable. They could not lay people off. They're massively profitable. But they have to think strategically looking at the chessboard, given their competition, Google, obviously, for the ad networks, the two competing ad networks, even though they have different product bases. And then the future product, which is obviously letting people do queries and ask questions and use AI, which now they've released at Meta, their first proprietary model.

SPEAKER_54: Muse Spark.

SPEAKER_04: Yeah. And I think you can see it at meta.ai. Nobody's using it. Okay. But they can funnel a lot of people into there.

SPEAKER_10: So Zuckerberg, aka Jeremy Strong, is here, his performance is going to be amazing.

SPEAKER_55: I'm sure he's going to kill that one. He's going to know.

SPEAKER_10: I mean, no, no.

SPEAKER_04: There's people literally talking who have seen the performance who are saying it's like, just give him the Oscar now. And this is the scariest acting we've ever seen in terms of accuracy. Yeah. But amongst the most savvy individuals in industry today, Zuckerberg has decided machines over people. Machines over people.

SPEAKER_61: Yeah.

SPEAKER_04: Let me say it one more time. I'd rather have more machines than people. And this is, you know, I think a critical crucible moment that we're going to keep seeing. So before you get really sad about it, there's an infinite number of problems in the world to be solved.

SPEAKER_08: It's not going to happen in our lifetime that they'll all get solved because many of them require real world work.

SPEAKER_04: Many of them require a human touch. Humans will be in the loop. I'm not talking 50 or a hundred years from now. I'm just talking in the next 30 years, right? 40 years. It's going to be fine, folks. You're going to be able to find those problems, but you must change your mindset. Here we are on This Week in Startups. You can, if you were laid off from KPMG or Meta, very sorry about that happening to you.

SPEAKER_08: Very sorry about government workers who are getting paid $300,000 or $400,000 in these crazy positions we're hearing about, you know, that literally, I mean, I don't mean to make light

SPEAKER_04: of it, but there's a woman who was featured in this New York Times story who worked at one of these NGOs making $400,000.

SPEAKER_62: She's interviewing for $20 an hour jobs, which just shows you like there was kind of a mismatch here in terms of people's market value.

SPEAKER_63: Okay. So you've identified a real problem and you put together a solid solution and a business model that you believe in.

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SPEAKER_53: Put it all aside.

SPEAKER_04: You will have no choice but to start thinking entrepreneurial. If you were laid off from a USAID government job, from Meta, from KPMG, find the two smartest people you know who got laid off, or even who's still working there. And then look for those problem sets. You got to look for a problem set that is too small. In other words, it's less than 10% of the revenue of the company. So if less than 10% the revenue of the company, that major company is going to have a hard time

David Friedberg: focusing on it, let alone if it's under 5% or the ultimate sweet spot, under 1%.

SPEAKER_70: When a product is under 1% of an organization's revenue, under 5%, under 10%, it's just not a priority, right?

SPEAKER_04: You can't put your smartest people, if you're Amazon, on something tiny, like, I don't know, this nascent Airbnb company, Whole Foods, right? And if you really look at those kind of examples, Uber, they need to wait 10 years for the market to arrive, then they'll make an acquisition, et cetera.

SPEAKER_25: Those Amazon stores, those brick-and-mortar stores, they were trying to do that for a little while because people weren't going. People weren't doing it.

SPEAKER_04: And it might be because, hey, it was a billion-dollar opportunity. Now, let's pause there. A $100 million, a $500 million, a billion, or a $5 billion opportunity for Google, Apple, Microsoft, Amazon, Tesla is not an opportunity. It's a distraction. So just keep that in your head. Big companies see that as a distraction. Little companies see that as an infinite, amazing, infinitely amazing opportunity.

SPEAKER_56: Opportunity, yeah. Yeah.

SPEAKER_04: So one person's, like, infinite money glitch opportunity is another person's distraction, which means start a company or join a company. I know this sounds like I'm talking my own book because I invest in them. No. I've already made my money. I can retire any time. I'm just telling you sincerely.

SPEAKER_84: Yeah.

SPEAKER_04: And you can give me the whole thing. I'm not built for startups. Oh, you know, not everybody. I've got kids. I'm not motivated. Not you. I'm just saying people, that is the number one thing people say. Like, oh, startups are a fraud. Oh, this. Listen, when I say startups, I'm including mom and pop shops in here.

SPEAKER_08: I'm including three people doing services. I'm not talking just about venture-backed startups.

SPEAKER_88: Any startup. All startups matter.

SPEAKER_18: And that's what I was going to say is I think there is still so much AI doomerism, but one great thing about AI is if you did want to start your own business or your own company or start doing something, it could help teach you all the parts of doing that that you didn't already know. Like, it's so daunting to think about, you know, even if I had some skills like, oh, I

SPEAKER_25: should just start my own business. But like, I don't know how to do all the little pieces that go along with that. Well, like Claude does. You could ask Claude. And like, I do think people are missing that part of the opportunity.

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SPEAKER_96: And so every day or so, I pop it in here. I charge. I sync. And then I, on my calendar, have times to review my notes and review my bookmarks. Those two things let me come back to all these ideas I have.

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SPEAKER_99: That's the one that has the button in it, right? Exactly. It's the one with the more advanced one. Yeah.

SPEAKER_100: It's the higher end one for your serious thought. I mean, listen.

SPEAKER_73: Lana's balling these days. I'm paying Lana a fortune here. And yeah.

SPEAKER_08: He's doing well for himself. He's big shotting me. He's big shotting me.

SPEAKER_102: I make a comfortable living. I do okay.

SPEAKER_08: He makes a comfortable living.

SPEAKER_23: All right. Let's get started. We have a guest and let's get to it. And remember, next week and in coming weeks, we're going to really focus in on those small SLMs and vertical. And I want to have a little how-to of maybe some people on our team that This Week in AI

SPEAKER_96: team can come on This Week in Startups team or can show actually building one.

SPEAKER_25: That sounds awesome. I love that. We can talk to some of our subnet friends about building a small language model.

SPEAKER_18: So, but let's move on to our first guest. He is the founder of Firehawk Aerospace. They are building rocket engines for defense, specifically solid rocket motors with 3D printed propellant, Jason.

SPEAKER_25: We're going to talk all about it with Will Edwards of Firehawk. Will, thanks for joining us.

SPEAKER_00: Guys, thanks for having me. I know you like to talk about SLMs, but I guess we're going to talk about SRMs. SRMs.

SPEAKER_108: Mix it up.

SPEAKER_00: Oh, wait.

SPEAKER_109: What is SRM?

SPEAKER_111: Solid rocket motors.

SPEAKER_04: Got it. SRM. Yes. We, it's acronym central here. Tell us a little bit of, you started about four years ago, five years ago, I think on

SPEAKER_10: this project. That's about five years ago. So this is before military tech was like so in favor and there was a lot of attention,

David Friedberg: but tell us founding story wise, how you came to this opportunity and what you're building.

SPEAKER_114: Yeah. I mean, so I was in Santa Monica.

SPEAKER_00: I had a small HR company, software company, and my co-founder, a guy named Ron Jones, was printing rocket propellant, rocket fuel at the time out of Lego plastics, out of his garage. And he wanted to build a space company because that was really in vogue. This was about 2019 and I thought that if we focused all of our attention, one, we won't be competing with Elon and never really want to do that. And two, I saw just that defense was going to blow up and there was a great opportunity to get early dollars to develop our technology. So in 2020, I convinced him to go from space to defense. And you're right. Defense was not popular back then. You know, we told Y Combinator that we were working on defense and they kicked us out of the in-person interview, essentially. And now it's seeing that they're putting people in left and right.

SPEAKER_116: So, yeah, it was a bad time to start, but I'm glad we got started then.

SPEAKER_10: So explain to us what 3D printed propellant is. I mean, we understand what 3D printers are. We understand propellant, fuel, 3D printers make something.

SPEAKER_04: How does a 3D printer print jet fuel? Explain.

SPEAKER_116: Yeah.

SPEAKER_00: So it's for rocket motors, for like missiles, that's really what we're building for, or artillery shell motors. They use a solid grain. Um, it looks actually a little bit like this, uh, but it's a solid grain that you can just stick into a steel case, stick that in the ground, forget about it for 10 years and you can press the button unlike liquid fuel, which has to be fueled up moment before takeoff. Uh, but what we do differently is, is the industry today, the way you make propellant is you have a $30 million mixer. You fill it up with this honey, like substance. It mixes for about 12 hours, then you have 5,000 pounds of propellant, you pour it into a mold, put it into an oven. Two months later, you might have rocket propellant. What we do is we actually make this feedstock. So it's a very energetic pellet that comes out of a machine called a cone eater. And so it's not liquid, it's not going to solidify accidentally in your $30 million mixer and shut your facility down. It's just a feedstock. And what we do from there is, uh, essentially upload the G code of the grain we want to make. If it's a, whatever diameter rocket or artillery shell motor, and we either print it or we stamp it out.

SPEAKER_120: Yeah.

SPEAKER_00: You can see here, this is, uh, this is the cone eater and what it's doing is it's smashing everything together until it's homogenous, the ammonium perchlorate, the Lego plastic. Um, this is where it, uh, gets stored. And from here we take it to our compression molder. And the cool thing about this facility is it'll be able to make about 2 million pounds of propellant a year. That's a huge amount of energetics. Uh, and once it goes here, the official word for this is the dumper. That's the, that's what they call it.

SPEAKER_10: Very technical term. We're seeing a, uh, a bin dumping all these pellets and then the pellets are getting mashed into, you know, little cylinders.

SPEAKER_116: That's a motor for an artillery shell, right? Amazing. Yeah.

SPEAKER_04: So that's fascinating. And what's important, I think when, uh, you know, I hear you talk about this, uh, is putting propellant into a rocket in the field, um, sounds some combination of slow, painful, dangerous, unstable, you know, I'm inferring here based on, um, what you've said and that having this one, that shelf stable that you could put into a bunker and 10 years later, so fire and not have that complication is a major win for troops on the front line. Yeah.

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SPEAKER_114: Yeah, I would say so. So, I mean, again, you're, we're taking a two month process and cutting it down to a

SPEAKER_00: batch every five minutes or maybe as long as six hours. Uh, but really the other neat thing is we, we're really removing humans from the process because this is a dangerous process. Still ammonium perchlorate is a, is a dangerous material to work with. So what we're doing is we're essentially five X in the United States ability to produce a key motor, like a base bleed, and we're removing humans out of the equation. So we're making it safer.

SPEAKER_138: And at the same time, we're cutting costs in half. So we're making it significantly cheaper. Yeah.

SPEAKER_21: And this is lawn. I think the main change in the battlefield is smaller, more affordable rockets.

SPEAKER_23: Yeah.

SPEAKER_140: And, and, and devices.

SPEAKER_25: Well, and we're also, we're facing a missile shortage in America. This has been a huge news, you know, during the sort of Iran conflict that the first seven weeks of the Iran war, we used up a whole bunch of our missile supply. So I feel like it's very timely to be figuring out ways to restock our missiles in a more efficient and cost savvy way.

SPEAKER_114: Exactly.

SPEAKER_00: And like in Mississippi, I have a, we just acquired a 640 acre missile integration facility. We can make about 50,000 a year, but we're building that up to make 120,000 a year.

SPEAKER_05: So we're really looking to join, uh, join the fight and help out and build systems that are needed.

SPEAKER_01: How does your business work? You sell to the U S government, you sell to resellers who then integrated into their

SPEAKER_23: product or are you Tony Starking this? And anybody who's got a democracy or is not on a commie list, you can sell to, how does it work?

SPEAKER_146: Not the 10 rings. Do not sell these to the 10 rings.

SPEAKER_23: Please.

SPEAKER_63: And not, not also not Spectre from the 007 franchise and not to the Legion of Doom from the DC franchise.

SPEAKER_00: Or Nick Cage in Lord of War. You know, we're trying to avoid all of that. All of that. Uh, so we, we work directly with the army, the air force, we have prime partners. I mean, we work with Hanwha, Raytheon, they're all, uh, either on our cap table or we're doing partnerships with them. We have a new one that we'll be announcing in the next couple of weeks. And so if it's not going to the States, what we're doing is we're providing it to the, one of the major defense companies, they integrate it into their end system. And then they go and sell it to whomever the United States has given them the thumbs up on.

SPEAKER_155: So you don't have to, at this point in your startup, go circle the globe.

SPEAKER_23: And talk to everybody in the UAE or Saudi or Israel or France and, and make those sales. You could, but you have these other primes who would then incorporate your product into their offering. Yeah.

SPEAKER_00: Absolutely. I, I, and we've done that, but we're, we're usually a support system. So we're standing behind the, uh, the big dog and then we're addressing, you know, their questions when they have them for us.

SPEAKER_04: Knowing what you know about what's happening in the world, how, if we, if we have to re-imagine the American military, how far are we percentage wise into this lighter, faster, scalable tech first, AI first transformation of the military? How much longer do we have?

SPEAKER_157: And then juxtapose it with where China's already at?

SPEAKER_00: Two kind of different answers, but they're the same. I think we have a decade more of growth. A lot of these companies that we see now and hear about now, they're going to grow for quite a while and then they will establish themselves and the markets won't disappear. But I also think that if you're not relevant within the next two years, you won't be relevant during that growth stage. The government is sitting there picking the companies that have scaled, that have built a technology and start putting them into their decade long programs. So there is a race to become relevant in about 48 months, 24 months, I mean. And then from there, if you can do that, there's a huge market. I think we're going to see a lot of multi-deca billion dollar companies come out of these next few years.

SPEAKER_10: On the overall percentage of the transformation of the military, just from the outside looking

SPEAKER_23: in, feels like when we were getting into these military operations of late, we're just

SPEAKER_73: starting to see the new tech be talked about, maybe because Trump loves talking about it. And he just, I mean, perhaps the military doesn't want him talking about the, you know, blow your eardrums out, crazy sonic weapon.

SPEAKER_04: Or, you know, there's a laser dome that apparently was used to protect Israel.

SPEAKER_23: And that's, I think, been confirmed. And then he said, it's really not Israel's dome, it's the U.S.'s dome, Israel's taking a little bit of credit for our munitions. How far are we, and I would suspect if we're starting to hear about these things in the

SPEAKER_04: battlefield, they are, in fact, you know, we're well on our way to just redoing the entire military. So just percentage-wise, like, where are we, we're over the innings of a baseball game in the first inning, the fifth inning, where are we at with transforming the U.S. military

SPEAKER_96: from, you know, really expensive munitions and solutions to the more nimble AI first ones?

SPEAKER_00: 1%. I mean, everything that you probably just made, you mentioned was built by the primes, ghost murmurs, Lockheed, like there's not one startup that is being used to raid a presidential facility and get a president out of that country that's using any tools like that. I mean, these are the primes. And until, like, a new actual prime pops up, we're the same old industrial base, which, again, I think just leaves time for incredible growth in this sector to start paving the way. But look at the budgets. No money is going to the startups at this point. Out of that $1.5 trillion proposed budget, nothing's going to it. And if you look at the comps of what these startups are doing in their valuations compared to the incumbents, it's almost laughable that you can compare these companies right now. So I think there's a lot of growth and a lot of growing pains that we'll have to face. But again, that's just opportunity.

SPEAKER_23: And ghost murmur is the CIA tool developed by Lockheed Martin, from what I understand,

SPEAKER_08: and does something. Well, no, murmur is to go, yeah, to find people's heartbeats, right?

SPEAKER_167: That's how they track that pilot.

SPEAKER_04: That's how they track that pilot, which is just insane when you think about it, Lon. We have a tool that lets us find any human at a fidelity that seems like Superman,

SPEAKER_10: like listening to the entire globe, or Professor X. And it's kind of crazy.

SPEAKER_92: CIA Director John Ratliff said the pilot remained invisible to the enemy, but not to the CIA, because they had ghost murmur.

SPEAKER_172: That's terrifying. But that's also cool technology, you know, that the United States can build that.

SPEAKER_00: And the primes are building that. So they get poked fun of a lot, but there's some incredible technology coming out of them.

SPEAKER_18: I guess my question would be, we hear so much today about drones. I mean, when I picture modern warfare now, I'm thinking about all these drone swarms that have been doing all the heavy lifting in sort of Ukraine and elsewhere.

SPEAKER_25: So where do missiles sort of fit into that stack? Like, why are missiles still so important? And looking ahead 10, 20 years, are missiles still going to be sort of at the core of our arsenal?

SPEAKER_172: Absolutely. So my big belief in defense is it's a components-based business.

SPEAKER_00: Like Firehawk, obviously we build missiles and rockets. But the hard part about building a missile or a rocket is building the motor. The hard part about building the motor is producing the propellant. So once we master that foundational piece, the world's our oyster for what we can build. And the reason why drones became so popular is because in Ukraine, they shot off about 14 million artillery shells. That was, that was, artillery shells were about 75% of all of the, you know, death tolls in Europe. It was the lowest cost to kill. And when they ran out of the artillery shells, they had to make use with something else. And that was drones. So as soon as the drone or the artillery capacity comes back up, I mean, it's always going to be relevant.

SPEAKER_63: What's on the roadmap for you when you solve this problem?

SPEAKER_23: Is there dual use here that this, you know, 3D printing of this fuel source could be used in other non-military applications? Or do you just look at, hey, what's the next logical, you know, evolution of this 3D printed

SPEAKER_179: material?

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SPEAKER_172: You know, I think we're going to acquire companies that are adjacent to what we're doing.

SPEAKER_00: Might not be in the material science propellant. Yeah, we've been approached for using our technology for oil and gas, using that to help with fracking. But I'm not certain that that's the best use of our time. We are so focused on, like, I want to be the biggest propellant maker in the United States, the most efficient one, at least. And artillery shells, rockets, missiles. I mean, it's such a massive market that needs to be addressed that I can't take my attention away from it yet. I'm really not thinking about it.

SPEAKER_04: And that propellant, the core ingredients of it are available here in the United States in bulk. It's not like a scarce set of chemicals, is it?

SPEAKER_172: Very. It's available anywhere. And the other cool part, and this was what we did different, is I know people try to 3D

SPEAKER_00: print propellant in the past. What they did is they tried to make custom printers that could print traditional rocket propellant. So you have to become a printer company. It's actually, it doesn't really work out very well. We made this feedstock that, yes, everything's readily available. But I can send that feedstock to Korea. I can send it to Europe. And the printers that are over, you know, abroad would work to print our grains or to compression mold our small motors. So everything is very achievable to stand up your own workshop anywhere.

SPEAKER_189: And we kind of want to be the gas station of rocket motors and propellant around the world. We think that's a cool vision.

SPEAKER_191: It's going to be a great way to describe this on YouTube.

SPEAKER_192: People will understand it, I think, a lot easier.

SPEAKER_191: Make a note of that, editors. That's great.

SPEAKER_04: Yeah. All right. Well, listen, continued success. Thank you for protecting the homeland and sharing with us. I'm sure you're hiring. Where are you based?

SPEAKER_193: And what positions are you hiring for? And where can people find out more?

SPEAKER_116: So we're in Dallas, Texas.

SPEAKER_00: Engineers. We're going to be hiring a lot of technicians in Oklahoma. We just opened up that big facility in Mississippi. So Mississippi, Texas, and Oklahoma.

SPEAKER_155: Wow. So you get to just zip between those three cities. Yeah. Perfect.

SPEAKER_194: Direct flights from DFW everywhere. Yeah.

SPEAKER_08: Well, I mean, I think at the rate you're going, I'm going to go recommend a PC24 or Phenom

SPEAKER_73: 300 corporate jet card for you, so you can save a little time. PJ time. Yeah.

SPEAKER_196: I want to test out. Let me know. Yeah. Deal.

SPEAKER_197: Yeah. PC24 is the winner, I think.

SPEAKER_134: It's the workhorse. It's the company Pilatus. They make the PC12, which is their Swiss turboprop, incredibly safe, like landed on a commercial

SPEAKER_73: airstrip, a recreational airstrip, your backyard airstrip, or on a dirt road.

SPEAKER_08: Like it's made for all of those. Then they release their first jet, which is PC24, and it's got a cargo. You can literally load a cargo pallet into the back of it with a forklift, but it's for, you know, families going skiing or corporate executives, and it's got like some of the lowest hourly costs. And I've charted one before. Here it is, the PC24. I think you can operate these for, you know, if you own the plane, $4,000 an hour, and if you charter it, $10K an hour. But they're going to change the world, these smaller planes, mid-sized jets, I guess is what they're called. And they're going to be available, like Surfare, use the first one, PC24, for those routes between Los Angeles, and you could buy a membership, and it was like $500 a seat. This next one is going to be like the next level up. There's a company called PlaneSense that has a fleet of these PC24s. And I think Austin, Bay Area, LA is kind of their little triangle at Nevada.

SPEAKER_92: Oh, I see. It's like a timeshare, but for a jet.

SPEAKER_08: I mean, you could buy shares in it, or you could just buy hours. You have both of those options. So it's just, you know, without making a commercial for any of those folks, it's just a new layer

SPEAKER_96: of aviation beneath the $30 million planes. They're down to these, like, $10 million planes that, you know, have a long lifespan, and they're safe. All right, brother.

SPEAKER_205: Great.

SPEAKER_96: Yeah. We just have to figure out air traffic control. Also, the safety on these things is incredible now. I don't know if you've seen, I think it's Cessna now, has a button you can press, land the plane. Oh, yeah.

David Friedberg: So if your pilot has a heart attack, you press the button. Or tragically, you know, JFK Jr., I'm watching that love story.

SPEAKER_96: I don't know if you've seen it well. I'm only a couple of episodes in, but I had met JFK twice in New York, once at a Knicks game, and once I had drinks with him and John Perry Barlow, rest in peace, from the founder of the EFF.

SPEAKER_08: And, you know, he died unnecessarily. He wasn't rated for instrument rating, and he went into some, you know, choppy weather and got that.

SPEAKER_04: I didn't know, you know, I forgot the name of the term when you lose your spatial ability to understand where you're at. But got into the literal death spiral where he couldn't get out of it.

SPEAKER_210: A tailspin?

SPEAKER_04: Well, he got into a tailspin, like kind of death spiral thing, because they have the tracking. But if he had had that button, the second he was like, I don't know what's going on here, could you just click the button?

SPEAKER_213: Let the AI land for you.

SPEAKER_04: And they've used it now. It actually got used last year by a family. Pilot had literally the scenario, a heart attack, passed out.

SPEAKER_08: They pressed the button, it landed. It was a real-world scenario. They've done plenty of tests of it. And then the Pilatus, the other one, has the parachute in it. We're probably five, ten years away from just, you're going to be able to own one of these jets and not have a pilot.

SPEAKER_214: You still would, but you wouldn't need to, which is pretty crazy.

SPEAKER_218: It's like the Tesla FSD of airplanes. It's like, yeah, it's like myself driving Tesla.

SPEAKER_217: That's awesome.

SPEAKER_218: Which almost killed me the other, not killed me.

SPEAKER_08: I almost got in an accident. What if Elon's watching? Don't say that. Well, no, he tells people to be vigilant and he's taking his time. It's only one out of 20 times now I have to disengage. Last year, I think it was probably one out of five, one out of ten rides I would wind up disengaging. Sometimes critical, sometimes non-critical. But it didn't see those little white sticks in the road. Well, and it just, in the rain, just drove right into the cones. It went, bop, bop, bop, bop, bop.

SPEAKER_223: And I was paying attention, but let's just say maybe I was partially paying attention, which is what this technology does to you.

David Friedberg: You just, you kind of drift because it's so perfect.

SPEAKER_08: You're like, okay, it's perfect. Bop, bop. I hear the first one hit. Just take the steering wheel over. So be careful out there, folks. You still have to.

SPEAKER_62: We're 99%. I don't know. What's your experience? Did you track your percentage of miles?

SPEAKER_114: Oh, yeah.

SPEAKER_00: I mean, I would say 99 is about right. I mean, but it does make it harder to rent a car. I rented a non-self-driving car. Oh, my God. Three hours. Yeah. That was terrifying.

SPEAKER_116: It was terrifying.

SPEAKER_08: Literally, this is what I hear from folks now. It's like you get into a normal car and you're like, I shouldn't be trusted with this. Yeah.

SPEAKER_226: Why am I driving this car? I should not be trusted behind the wheel.

SPEAKER_198: All right. We'll drop you off, Will.

SPEAKER_228: Thanks for coming on the show. Have a great weekend.

SPEAKER_25: It's like they say if you write with ChatGPT, you forget how to do it for real. Maybe it's the same thing. You're forgetting how to drive. Atrophy. Yeah. Well, before we got another great guest, we got, you remember ViewBuds? We talked about ViewBuds, the earbuds that can-

SPEAKER_232: Yeah, they were on the show. It was a college project.

SPEAKER_25: Yeah, but we showed them off, but we actually got Maroochee Kim, the creator. He's coming up in just a moment. Oh, you're kidding. Oh, great. Great to do things.

SPEAKER_18: But before we get to that, I think we should talk about another magical innovation that you've been enjoying, GLP1s, Jason.

SPEAKER_08: Oh, well, listen, everybody's like, J-Cal, you look like you are younger than ever. You look great. Fat Cal is gone. Yeah. Chubby J is gone. It's now SlimCal. It's J Ranch.

SPEAKER_62: I took GLPs for the last four years, row.co slash twist. Two, go right to the front of the line. They'll check if you have insurance. You can get into it. I think the lowest offering, the starting price, if you don't have insurance, might be as low as $150, $200 now. And it's gotten to the point where this is so affordable. It's so affordable that there's no reason to not consider it. There was a reason to not consider it when I started taking them.

SPEAKER_08: Four or five years ago, when I first tried Ozempic, kid you not, they wanted to bill me $2,400 a month, which, you know, it's like $30,000 a year, which, hey, that's a pretty steep price.

SPEAKER_157: That's like somebody's apartment rent or their mortgage payment. That's a lot.

SPEAKER_62: It's a bit much, yeah, and it basically became something for people who either had diabetes

SPEAKER_08: and could, you know, get it covered under insurance, but now this has come down in price. The companies that make the GLPs have decided to expand the market, and insurance companies are realizing, hey, if you can lower the overall obesity rate, you're going to have less health

SPEAKER_62: care costs down the road. So everybody's aligned, but you need a place, a partner that's going to manage this process for you nice and quick. You could start it literally. You could pause this podcast and go to road.co slash twist, do all the work, or you can listen while you fill out your forms, and they check, do you have insurance? If you don't have insurance, it's not covered for whatever reason, boom, they move you on,

SPEAKER_243: and you get a really great price. So thank you to road.co.

SPEAKER_25: Go to road.co slash twist for your free insurance check. That is road.co slash twist.

SPEAKER_18: All right, Jason. Easy. Let's bring on our next guest. He's the creator, as we said, of the viral view buds. These are earbuds with a camera that have very low power draw. You run a AI model on your device or your laptop, and then you can interact with the world through your view buds, much like the Meta Ray-Bans, but easier, faster, quicker, cheaper, everything. Maruchi Kim, thanks for joining us.

SPEAKER_249: Hey, thanks, Lon and Jason. Thanks for having me on.

SPEAKER_04: All right. You know, we saw what you built, and I just thought, wow, that's brilliant. You have a pair of AirPods, essentially, ear, and you get nice audio from them, but you put cameras into them.

SPEAKER_96: The cameras stitch together, and you get a nice, I'm assuming, 180, 360 view.

SPEAKER_04: I'm not sure where you've got it right now, but if you have the cameras facing forward, you could obviously have them facing back. And you're able to take a snapshot, use AI in real time to help people navigate and understand the world, which means you don't have to take out your phone, and you don't have to wear creepy glasses, and people are already wearing AirPods as like a standard. So this, to me, feels like you created a Tesla with its, you know, safety cameras all around it, FSD, but for humans. So how'd you come up with the idea?

SPEAKER_252: And explain technically how it works.

SPEAKER_249: Yeah.

SPEAKER_253: I mean, you kind of sold it better than I typically sell it to my friends, but ViewBuds kind of started, basically, when I started the PhD, a lot of my dissertation and my thesis focused around bridging wearable technology with deep learning networks. And so as AI advances and it continues to advance rapidly over the past few years, I think getting people to be able to connect with these models faster and more seamlessly is going to become extremely critical. And so we actually considered bringing cameras onto earbuds very early on in the program, but at the time there was not a really strong use case for AI and like that wasn't around. And so it was very much, okay, we put cameras on earbuds, but now what? And so just last year, a lot of these big companies started open sourcing their models.

SPEAKER_256: And so that's kind of what enabled this sort of end to end interaction to start.

SPEAKER_63: So how are you thinking about this project and its commercialization?

SPEAKER_260: Or is this just, you know, a fun skunkworks project to do at school?

SPEAKER_253: So I graduated. This was actually my last project in the program. And when I initially joined the PhD, I was actually trying to find something that I can incubate into a startup.

SPEAKER_261: And so maybe this will be it. We'll see.

SPEAKER_04: Tell me more about how you think this might get commercialized. Who would be your ideal customer profile?

SPEAKER_262: And what do you think the reasonable price point is for this?

SPEAKER_253: Yeah, I think there's actually two sort of business options for this kind of system. The straightforward one would be, you know, develop earbuds in-house, put cameras in them, sell them, but then you suddenly hit this problem of, okay, now we have to build an audio brand. We have to compete with every other OEM out there. Bose is strong. Apple is strong. There's Sony is strong. There's lots of audio companies, right? And so I've been thinking about this a lot. And I think, you know, what would be better is if I could provide a platform that OEMs could partner with and I would provide reference hardware, license the software, and essentially

SPEAKER_256: be able to scale with other OEMs as this technology gets adopted.

SPEAKER_267: Well, if you do that, you're going to quickly sell the company because what would happen is

SPEAKER_23: Sony or Bose or Apple will say, hey, you've got a six to 18 month lead on whatever we're going to build. So if we just take this company out for $50 million and get the team in here, we're going to sell 5% more headsets. So that's what you actually really have to think about is you have a lead and do you want to build a company for the next 10 or 20 years, or do you think there's an opportunity to flip it? Because this is, everybody has a similar idea here, right? Like this is not, you're not the only person who's thought of putting cameras in this location. So yeah, the application layer will be super important.

SPEAKER_04: How, explain to the audience how this is a better opportunity than wearing metaglasses. Why is this a better opportunity than metaglasses?

SPEAKER_253: Yeah. Smart glasses are trying to solve a real problem, right? They're trying to give AI the ability to see what you see. But I think when Google Glass came out like over a decade ago, they really hit a cultural wall. People really don't want to wear a camera on their face, but we want to put that same visual AI into the device over a billion people wear every day already. And so that's kind of, I think, the advantage here. We're not really trying to compete with smart glasses. We're trying to deploy AI into a wearable that people already use every day.

SPEAKER_63: You think it'll cost $500 for a good pair of these, $300?

SPEAKER_08: If you were going to do it as an independent company, you were going to produce, say, a thousand of them in the first run. Have you gone to Shenzhen? Have you started like researching what the, you know, bomb is?

SPEAKER_272: Bill of materials? Not build of materials. Bill of materials? Bill of materials. Yeah.

SPEAKER_253: Yeah, I've been to China. I was actually at Apple for five years working on AirPods Max and AirPods Pro 2. Oh, okay. Well, that's relevant. So I've been part of that process. I think the $300 might be extra. I haven't really done the math yet to see what the cost of one of these would be. But the camera module itself is actually only about $1 to $2. And there's a little extra silicon in there to make everything, to tie everything together.

SPEAKER_256: But a lot of the bulk of the challenge is getting the firmware and getting the software to be able to stream reliably to a host device.

SPEAKER_277: Lon, I had a couple of ideas here for very interesting applications and customers.

SPEAKER_179: Yeah. I wanted to let you go first.

SPEAKER_08: But when you see this, what comes to mind as a customer?

SPEAKER_215: Oh, I'll tell you. Who?

SPEAKER_25: I had the first thing that popped into my head. When we went to Japan, one of the first things I did was I wanted to get, you know, fiber. I like to take a little fiber supplement every day. Okay. Yeah. You're an old man here. I'm an old man. Yeah. Old Jews. We have to. And I didn't want to fly with all that powder. It looks weird. So that was like my first stop. And the Japanese pharmacy aisle is the most intimidating. It's got little boxes. It's all in another language. Nothing is in English. Tiny fonts. Tiny fonts. It was so bewildering. Like a lady took pity on me and just saw me. A customer at the pharmacy saw me, took pity on me, helped me out, helped me find the thing.

SPEAKER_18: But if I had view buds, I could have just scanned with my eyeballs and been like, which one of these is the fiber?

SPEAKER_291: Language translation and travel is huge. And correct.

SPEAKER_18: That would be such a breakthrough.

SPEAKER_96: So this is an obvious great one. The one I was thinking of was security and safety.

David Friedberg: You're a woman. You're running in Central Park.

SPEAKER_04: You're a kid walking home from school in Japan. You don't have to worry about. Maybe here you do. And having the ability to see behind you as a person on a bicycle, as a person who's skiing, as a person who's jogging and could be attacked, or a person even walking through a city.

David Friedberg: The ability to have your own security system that would alert you to somebody who is quickly approaching you and blare an alarm.

SPEAKER_04: And then just say to you, on your six, on your eight, on your four, five feet, four feet, three feet, beep, beep, beep, beep, beep, like, okay, yeah, it's my friend. They're coming up from behind to surprise me and give me a hug. Okay. But otherwise, when you're skiing, knowing that there is a downhill skier, the uphill skier is responsible for the downhill skier. As a downhill skier, you're constantly living in fear of the uphill skier, the one who's above you, going too fast, and you're making some nice gingerly turns, and they just hit you in the back. That's how most injuries occur on the mountain. Most fatalities are either two people crashing into each other or one person crashing into a tree.

SPEAKER_08: So I was just thinking safety is the other one from all different aspects of it, personal safety, skiing safety, bike safety, so many different applications just in that.

SPEAKER_25: Could have saved, what did Paltrow so much hassle, that whole trial, she could have gotten out of.

SPEAKER_53: Oh, yeah, that is part of what happens is people bump into each other on the slopes.

SPEAKER_08: Okay, so what have you been thinking about in terms of the first commercialization of this? Have you started to study that since you want to go the entrepreneurial route?

SPEAKER_264: Yeah, I think you guys touched on some core, like what I like to call foundational use cases for wearable visual intelligence, right?

SPEAKER_253: And so, I mean, another strong use case is helping vision impaired people who have low vision to read books. I have a grandma, and when I told my mom about this project, she was saying my grandma would love it because she's just currently unable to read books because of cataracts and things like that.

SPEAKER_302: And so, and I think I've never heard of read books as a concept.

SPEAKER_73: You buy the audio book, but even with these or with metaglasses, if you open a book, you could literally have Speechify reading it to you. Oh, my God, that's an incredible use case.

SPEAKER_306: Yeah, that's cool.

SPEAKER_253: Exactly, and I think for my grandma, at least, like she's like pushing 90, right? Like she's not going to know how to open Spotify or Apple Books and download the audio book, right? She's used to having tangible goods and interacting with those every day. And so, I think this technology would be really helpful for her. But yeah, regarding view buds right now, it's sort of a question-answer oracle, right? You ask a question, get an answer back. But I think as this technology improves, we're going to start to see something like proactive intelligence. You can imagine gentle reminders for like when you forget your keys or you pick up the item at a grocery store and, you know, an Amazon agent is immediately like, hey, are you sure you want to buy this here? It's actually cheaper if you buy it online. And so, I think there's going to be a growing, like, I think there's going to be a growing space of AI applications. And so, I think what's going to happen is if this can become a platform and we can open some sort of wearable AI app store that opens it for developers to create these niche but profound, strong applications like skiing, it's going to be really tough to implement every single one of these as a solo company, right? And so, you want to open that option for developers and bring a platform.

SPEAKER_21: Yeah, the app store of these would be amazing. But, you know, if you look at a product like Whoop or Fitbit, they quickly found three or four use cases that people really care about.

SPEAKER_08: In their cases, you know, the pedometer, sleep, heart rate, you know, stress monitoring.

SPEAKER_157: These things are all kind of very quickly coalesced around a really great product that you would spend $200 a year on.

SPEAKER_08: And so, I think you've got a great GoPro angle and then you've got the kids angle.

SPEAKER_04: Kids now are buying Apple Watches are what parents do for safety. They get the LTE Apple Watch.

SPEAKER_08: So, you have GPS and you can do a call with your mom or dad or you can text with them or you can call an Uber. So, they kind of, you know, hand set up watches for kids. It's like a big deal. So, really interesting. If you want to go to an incubator, I know a guy running one. I know a couple of guys running them. I'm super fascinated by what you're doing. Come to an Accelerator, mine or another, and just do a dev run of 1,000 or 500 of these for $1,000 and start getting people excited about what the possibilities are.

SPEAKER_243: And there's got to be 1,000 developers out there who would want to start playing with this. I think you've got a clear path to making an interesting company.

SPEAKER_313: Thanks, Jason.

SPEAKER_25: I was just going to say, it does feel like, to me, a real proof of concept of like, we're locked into this idea that visual AI. It has to be this camera that you're somehow affixing to your front so that it can see everything. And I thought this was such an interesting idea that it could be more subtle, like a thing you're already wearing, could just have a little camera in it, and now you can see the world.

SPEAKER_253: Thanks, Lon. Yeah. And, Jason, yeah, I'd love to chat with you after the podcast or touch base with you.

SPEAKER_318: They'll give you my phone number right now.

SPEAKER_267: We'll talk to you after. That's good. No, no. I mean, listen, I'm not the king of France over here.

SPEAKER_323: I just, we're like, oh, I schedule a call with you. I'm like, Corey, I can just give you my phone number and you call me on the phone. We'll connect you guys.

SPEAKER_25: I want to share one more thing. I was checking out Marucci's website and he's got a page. He's like, he's like an inventor. I'm going to try to share my screen again. Hopefully it works this time. Okay. He's got all of these different kinds of products and gadgets that he's made. There's one I wanted to draw everyone's attention to that if my mom could have hooked me up with an orthodontics wearable that would monitor my daily retainer usage, this would have changed for her.

SPEAKER_18: Smart retainer? This would have changed her entire life. Every day it was like, Lon, are you wearing your retainer? But I would go to work, go to school all day.

SPEAKER_25: She wouldn't know if I was wearing it. A way to electronically monitor my retainer uses would have changed her whole life.

SPEAKER_329: Genius. Absolute genius.

SPEAKER_08: I think also, has anybody created a Pixel Buds or AirPods case or the Sonys are really good? I use the Sonys right now. WFM, whatever they are, O5s. Has anybody created a case that has intelligence in it and an internet connection and Wi-Fi so that you could leave the home with the AirPods and the case and be online and get that experience like the Apple Watches? And if you leave your phone behind, it's just kind of operating outside of your phone. Has anybody ever built anything like that that you know?

SPEAKER_261: I don't know of any. Yeah, but these are also things that I've been thinking about in the back of my mind.

SPEAKER_96: I think this could be an incredible asset because when I go skiing, I use a product called Slopes.

SPEAKER_23: And when I would use my Apple Watch, I would fire up Slopes on my watch.

SPEAKER_04: I didn't need to have my phone with me if I didn't want to. I would, but I could run it on Slopes. It had GPS. And I think that's going to be like a next piece of this because you need extra batteries. Their Slopes, really great product, and it tracks what how many days you ski, what routes, your speed on certain routes. It's kind of Strava for whatever. But that case could be pretty big. It could be like the pack of cigarettes, and you could have 360 views. You could have cameras front and back.

SPEAKER_96: Have you considered, or is it just too bulky, too short battery life to have the cameras facing front and back?

SPEAKER_248: It could be possible to draw up two cameras.

SPEAKER_253: I think the challenge there would be then the wireless link between the earbuds and the phone. We barely got two cameras working, streaming over Bluetooth, right? And so one of the challenges with bringing this to earbuds is the fact that there's no higher bandwidth protocol like Wi-Fi because that just draws too much power.

SPEAKER_157: Wi-Fi draws too much power. You may not want it in your ears either.

SPEAKER_08: So that is a key, which then speaks to intelligence on the AirPods or on the pods themselves. All right. We'll drop you off, Marucci, Kim, and let's keep the show moving. Great job, man. That's a great get. And thank you for getting another guest that I was fascinated by. We do what we can. You know, I'll just give people a little angel investor advice.

SPEAKER_243: Never underestimate anyone is a credo I live by as an angel investor. Why do I live by the credo?

SPEAKER_08: Never underestimate anyone. The people who have the chutzpah and who build things without permission just because they like to tinker or they have some motivation to itch a scratch that they alone have or fix a problem that frustrates them or they see in the world and they think should have been solved already. Well, those people, by definition, have separated themselves from the rest of humanity. They've moved from the people who are non-playing characters who don't build anything in the world to the group of people who build things in the world. They've moved from passive to active. That is like the great first step. And then there is a step of active to company builders, right? And, you know, you could be active and tinkering, but then to want to scale and use the company format in venture capital, that basically is like saying, you know, I want to be in the big leagues. I want to go to the NBA or WNBA. I want to be a Navy SEAL. I want to open a restaurant, you know, in New York City. I want to be on Broadway.

SPEAKER_215: You wrote the screenplay. You did the short.

SPEAKER_08: But now you want to make the movie, right? And so right before people get very serious about venture capital, they are exactly like Mr. Kim, who we just had on. They're tinkering. They're making the orthodontic thing. They're, you know, making these, you know, camera buds. They're doing all kinds of interesting projects. And the people who do projects and tinker, toys, today's toys, often become tomorrow's innovations and tomorrow's breakout products that change the world. I get the sense that this could be one of those.

SPEAKER_18: I mean, this is what you see, I think, with so many of these AI tools is at first it's you have to play. You have to take, you have to just get interested in it and goof around with it.

SPEAKER_25: And that's how you figure it out. I don't know if there is a way to figure it out without doing that necessarily at this point.

SPEAKER_342: Yeah, it's part of the process.

SPEAKER_25: Yeah, that's how you unlock knowledge with technology, I think, is it's, you can, somebody can explain it to you all day, but it's really the trial and error is where you unlock things and learn things.

SPEAKER_08: Well, he unlocked that. It's really hard to get the images. You know, you can't even listen to a high fidelity song on AirPods or a phone over Bluetooth, which is why I use, and we'll talk about it in Off-Duty, I use certain hardware, certain stack of hardware and high fidelity hardware in order to experience hi-fi music,

SPEAKER_96: which is 20, 30, 40 times as large of a file size, which means it cannot go over MP3. If you're listening to MP3s over Bluetooth, you're listening to 10 to 50% of the quality of the music.

SPEAKER_221: That's why Neil Young was like, I know, I'm finding my own streaming service, Pano, because this dude drove me crazy. And hardware.

SPEAKER_18: One last word on ViewBuds. They stream a monochrome 324 by 239 image. That's how they keep it so small. So it does miss some fine details.

SPEAKER_350: It could be like, what's that thing way over there in the distance? But for close-up stuff, you know, it's good enough.

SPEAKER_351: Great. We'll see you all on Monday on This Week in Startups. Bye-bye. Do me a favor. Check out This Week in AI.ai.

SPEAKER_04: Sign up for the email. Follow us. You know, we've got to wake up the YouTube channel. So any comments you put under there, you subscribe, you put on alerts. If you thumbs up a video, if you save the video to a playlist to watch later, all of that gives a little signal that YouTube should pay attention to what we're doing. And we'll see you all on Monday. Bye-bye. Bye. Bye. Bye. Bye. Bye. Bye.